Type-writer.



DE WIT! G. HARRIS.

TYPE WRITER.

APPLICATION TILED KAY 2, 1913.

1, 115,6: (3 Patented 08s. 27, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

10mm 5965 Ira/ 3mm": 12: 242m amwzw DE WITT C. HARRIS.

TYPE; WRITER APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1913.

1,1 1 53%). Fiitefited Get. 27, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

167229265565; a 30 7 liwcntorq.

v 11 with 15.1mm?

; ohine= end more a meme,- er mi mum's, are mama mmrrsre 5L moons-IN, A eoBgoRA'r-Ioii or wrsoerreizr,

r Specification e1 -mn mmem zi -rial ifi ifi'igserislz in 9 m tt r P in; Pat emzed'fleii 2'2, 1935.; use. hmed and this a imation filed my 2,

. finial X s. 7%,999.

T 623 whme 'b ezmeemg Be it kneir i She-t E, De (3 1142313,- akfitizen of file Unito States, reading Fond u -iieer-iii the counhy offijond cm 6 lane and Staheof Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful improvement-e m3 Typewriters, oi which iziie 'Oil0W1I1g is e s'soecifioation. i a

i his invention relates to tyyewntmg mar; particularly to the type 21euio'ne thereof. 1 3 The objects of the invention are lo pro-g ride-such a relation oi parts in the ueblop that'the type bars mayfoe swung by a 1mm: lb'mum aimount offense; to rovide for the tramsmissiori (if, the unequii arcs of move-l ment of the three seriesof key le rers intq nniformarcs of movement of the bars ftO 'provide an action adeytedrfix use with ii-"an improved form-bf key levers;and to I "otherwise improve and increase theeiliei'encyf of type actions as will be more fully pointed 'outhereimifter.

= This application is a division of m pnorf 25 applicatioz Serial No. 690,756, file i April '15 1912. L In the accompanying drawings, Figl re 1 is awertical sectional view through a type -w'riting machine eqni pe with a type ac- 80' tion embodying the eaizuresof my inven tiorL, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are views in a series illustrating the relation of the parts oi in-i 'dividnal actions for key levers'of three dif-j, ferent lengths. I Izr the embodiment of my invention which I hu've herein shown b'yway of example -thekey levers and associated parts are. mounted '7 upon aframe, which frame and the part mounted thereon constitute a unit which is 40 assembled and 'then inserted bodily intoili? framework of the typewriter. l

In the drawings, 5 indicates theside'rails of the main framework of the typewriter and 6 are lugs projecting inwardlyirom fli sa-id: siile rails. The unit frame in whichthe key levers' and associated parts ere lmounteri comprises a bar 7,-a' pair of end; plates 8 forward and rear guide combs '9; -ahd 10 for'ihe keflevers', and a guide comb;

time; said arts being secured togetherin any suitable Way. The comb 11 comprises e base secured to the bar 7 and e forward portion which is curved upwardly and rer- I we rdly to guide the series of bellfcranke in 5.5 their pivotaljmovement. The bar 7 is secured io the lugs 6 by sniieble fastenin The key levers 14 are ivoted upon a 51 m 3.5 having its ends 5X85 in openmgeinlghe end plates 8 of the frame. Each or-said kev 8Q levers has its rear p-ortionben't backupon itself to'form ;an arm 16 lyin ,aigewige alongside and above'the body o the lever, *said arm being pivoted-0n the key lever shaft and'the body of the lever running 65 beneath saidwshaft. This er'ran ent provideewrwiIienoy in the lever w 'ich is very desirable. n-For a full understandin of the function and advantages of this; orm of key l'eve'rs reference ma be had to my co- 7o pendin -application rial -No. 755,588.; filed arch 20,1913, where the construction is fully described-and claimed. The for ward ends of the'key levers carrying the uppermost-position by coiled ringsflS attaohed at their ugper ends to E2 key levers reemvardlyv of' t e shaft 15 andatthe'ir lowereiids to a suitable fixed part, in i-he present instan ce-thecomb 11. i llhe tygel r support comprises an arouate portion or segment 20 and sides 21; said? support in l the machine illustrated being I 'mounted for vertical slidin movement in suitable guide'ways iii the zime/ I have 85' deemei'it'ennecessary to herein illustrate the guidingmeans for the type ber'support or the means for moving'said support; end clown,- since-the present intention met relate therein. 5 j 5 Q0 The platen is indicated afi 22- The bars 23 We arranged in areuate'series, arid are pivoted in s10t824 inthe segment- 20 The'free ends of the type bars are arren ed to rest gpon a suitable support or culnOh 1 25,, heremishown as being mounted oh sirms 26 which are fixedin th lyjm ber'subpor t. 'The bases of; the type==bars have lugs for ill. fpr the bell-pranks comprised iriihefa'cshort arms-27 to whloh ere ettachefi'the dekeys' M normally maintained in their 76" {bell-cranks are connected by thrust links" arms 27 on the bases of thetglpe striking'position, the normal osition of the bar being indicated in clotted mes 1n Flg. 3.

scribed. Pivotally mountgd on a shaft 30, which has its ends fixed in openings 1n the end plates 8 ofithe unit frame, is a pluralit of hell-cranks 31, one for each of the he overs- 14;.- Theshorter arms 32 of said 33 with the forward ends of the arms 16 on the key levers, while the longer vertical ,arms at of the bell-cranks are connected through horizontal links 35 with the short order to obtain =thefmost e cient arrangement of this mechanism, the elements of each individual .key lever action are constructed and. connected in such relation that each or" the pivoted elements is swung by a force exerted approximately at-right an-' gles to the radius oi the element. It will be seen that the link 35 extends approximately at right-an les to the; arm 27 on the type. bar and to t e long armlvt of the bell-crank. Also the link, 3,3 acts at right angles to the, short bell-cranlq arm 32 and the arm 16 on the key lever, Thus theforce required to depress one of the keys 3A: is reduced to a minimum, The type liar segment is arcshapc, and the oases of the type bars'are mounted on-said geguent at gradually increasing-heights from the middle of the tain a horizontal pull of the links 35 subseries to the outer ends thereof. To mainstantially at right angles to the arms 27 on the, type bars, the vertical arms of the bellcra'nk levers are gradually increased in length from the muddle of the series outward, so that their upper ends will describe an arc corresponding to the position of the bases of the type bars. Since the arc of swinging movement ofthe type bars 23 is uniform throughout the entire series, the

[length of reciprocation of ,the upper ends of the longer bell-crank arms 34: must he the.

same for all of said arms in spite of the fact that they diiler in length from the middleof the series outward. Thus while the shortest of these vertical. bell-crank arms 34 swings through the same rectilinear distance as the longest arms, the angle through which said shortest arm swings will "be greater than the angle 01'. movement of the longest arm, and this angle will gradually decrease from the shortest arm 1n the center of the series of the longest arms at the outer tends thereof. Now in any one bank of the key levers 14 the'arc of movement of :all of the levers is identical because the keys must all haven uniform distance of travel, and

in order to 3 communicate this rum-formarc of movement of the key levers to the bell bars 23. In

cranks 31 in such a way that the upper ends 'of the longer arms Wlll move through the same rectilinear distance, the proportions and relations of the elements of each key action are varied corresponding to the varying lengths of the longer arms 34 of the bell-cranks. This is accomplished in the present instance by varying the length of.

the portion of the keylever arm 16 forwardly of its shaft 15, varying the length. of the short arms 32 of the bell-cranks and also of the links 33, and varying the angles between the short arms and the long arms of the bell-cranks to suit the peculiar move- 'ment of each key lever action.

Referring to Fig. 2 which shows a key lever action comprising one of the shortest key levers and one of the shortest vertical arms 34 of the bell-crank levers; let us suppose that the vertical arm 34 of the bellcrank is lengthened to correspond to one of the outer key lever actions. The upper end of this lengthened arm, while it wouldtravel through the same rectilinear distance as above explained, would swing through a smaller angle with reference to a circle than a short arm. As before stated, however, all of the key-levers 14 in a single series swing through the same arc, and the forward portionof the key lever arms 16 would likewise, if they were all of equal length, swing through arcs of the same length. Therefore, in order that the constant and uniform length of swinging movement of the key levers will be transmitted to the longer arms of the bell-cranks, so as to swing them through difi'erent arcs and cause their outer ends to move through the same rectilinear distance, the shorter arm 32 of the bell-- cranlc in the example above supposed would be lengthened, so'that movement communicatcd to it from the key leverarm 16 through the link 33 would move it through a smaller-i arc, and therefore would move the longer arm of the bell-crank through a smaller arc,

thus carrying its outer end through-the desired distance of reciprocation.

Thus far one element of theproblem has been solved, namely, to vary the-length of a.- shorter arm 32 in proportion to the increasmg length of the longer, arm 34, so that said arms will be moved through smaller arcs to maintain the rectilinear movementf,

of the outerends of the longer arms constantfor transmission to the links 35' and type bars As above explained, it is desirable in order'to obtain the most effective arrangement that the force exerted-"- upon a pivoted part should workyatright Therefore the. forward angles thereto. 4 portion of the key lever arm 16 and the shorterarm 32 of the bell-crank are maintamed in substantially parallel relation in order that the link 33, if at right angles to l and the pivotal center of the upper end of the link be approximate nuance arallel toa line join the center of the llcrank shaft Bonn the pivotal center of the lower end of the link 33. Now if the shorter bell-crank arm 32 is len 'hened to .eorrespond to the longer arm 0 the hellcrank, the lower end of the link is moved.

forwai-dlfwhich would destroy. its right- ;angul'ar relation if other; adjustments were not made. the key lever arm 16 is lengthened to also move the upper end of the link iorwardl The relation in/length of the forward en s of the key lever arm 16 and the short arms 32 of the bell-crank levers is definite, say for example, .3-to 2. Therefore in changing isaid len he to correspond to the varying length 0 'the'long bell-crank arm ,34 the key lever arm 16 would be lengthened three seen that,

units to two units of increased length in the short arm of the bell-crank. In other words, the up er end of the link 33 would be advanced orwardly more rapidly than the lower end which would result in destroying the right-angular relation of the link to the arms 16 and 32. To-overcome .this difliculty the angles between the short and long arms of the bell cranks are varied,

and the angle with reference to a horizontal line of the forward portion of the key lever arm 16 is also varied, the bell-crank angle bein increased for longer arms and ,the key ever arm -correspondingly approaching a more nearly horizontal position, it being understood thnt'v thevertical arms or the bell-cran are maintained in a .vertical position. From this it will be ven a uniform arc of movement ofbne entire bank or series of key levers,

' a uniform arc of movement of the entire series of type bars and a varying length of the longer arms 34 of the bell-cranks,

movement is transmitted from the key levers to the bell-cranks in such a manner as to cause the upper ends of all of the vertical bell-crank arms to move throu h a uniform distance of reciprocation, at t e same time maintaining in each case the right-angular relation of the parts as described so as to' e have the most effective movement thereof and also permitting the use of an advanthe-fact, however, that the three series of.

levers swing through different angles of movement in order to maintain the travel of Therefore the forward end of keysl? nniferm for the three series, the,v

length of the forward ends of the arms 16 will necessarily be diil erent in the three series of levers for anygiven length of the vertical arms 34: of ms For,

given one leng arm, to move 1.. ,1 through the same are. the forwa 1. end of the arm 16 of one of the longest le ers will necessarily be longer than the-forward and of the arm 16 of one of the shortest key levers since the former key lever swings through a shorter are 01% movement than the latter key lever, which movement must be increased in the case of the former lever by lengthening the arm 16 in order to obtain the same swinging movement of the bell-crank lever. In each series of key levers? however, the same variations of parts to compensate for the differences in the vertical arms 34 of the bell cranks will occur.

My invention is not limited to the pre- 011g bell-crank 'cise construction herein disclosed, but said construction may he modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In s, typewriter, in combination, a series of type oars pivoted to strike upwardly and rearwardly, a series of key levers, a series of vertically disposed hell-crank levers pivoted at their angles below the series of key levers, each of said bell-crank levers comprising an upwardly extending armand a forwardly extending arm, a series of links connected to and extending rearwardly from the upper ends of said upwardly extending arms, the rear ends of said'links being attached to said type bars now their pivot points, and a series of thrust links extending upwardly from the ends of said for wardly extending hell-crank arms and connecting the latter to the series of key levers.

In a typewriter, in combination, a

framework, aseries of type hers pivoted at their rear ends to strike upwardly and rearwardly, a horizontal series of swinging key levers, a series of vertically disposed bell: crank levers pivoted at their angles in the framework beneath and between the ends of said series of key levers and forwardly of the pivots for the type bars, each bellcrank comprising a forwardly extendingarm connected to a key lever, and an arm'extending upwardly past the key lever, and pull links extending rearwardly from, the

set mentioned arms to the type bars.

3. In a typewriter, in combination, a series of pivoted type-bars mounted to strike upwardly and rearwardl a series of hellthe sides thereof, links connecting the up;

.125 crank levers, the arms 0 which increase'in length. from the center of the ser es toward:

wardly extending arms of said bell-cranks to the type-bars, a series of key-levers each comprising two relatively yieldable sections disosed edgewise one above the other, and lin s extending substantially at right angles to and connecting the laterally extending arms of the bell-cranks to one of said keylever sections, the angles between the arms of the bell-cranks and the angle of the mentioned key-lever sections being varied throughout the series to maintain the right angular relation of the last mentioned links to the bell-crank arms and the mentioned key-lever sections.

4. In a typewriter, the combination with a series of type bars pivoted to strike upwardly and rearwardly, and a horizontal series of pivoted"key levers, of a'series of.

vertically disposed bell-crank levers pivoted at their angles beneath the series of key levers, each bell-crank comprising an upwardly extending arm and a laterally ex: tending arm, a series of links connecting the 'first mentioned arms to said type bars and a series of approximately vertical thrust links connecting the laterally extending arms to said key levers, each set composed of a key lever, a bell-crank lever, and a thrust link, being so arranged that a line connecting the bell-crank, pivot with the point of connection with its thrust link is substantially parallel to a line connecting the 'key lever pivot with the point of connection of the key lever and the thrust link.

5. A key-lever action for typewriters comprising a j pivoted type-bar, a key-lever consisting of'two relatively yieldable sections disposed edgewise one above the other, a key mounted upon one-of said lever sections, a bell-crank pivoted at its angle beneath the key-lever and having a laterally extending'arm connected to the other keylever section, said bell-crank also having an upwardly extending arm extending past the key-lever, and a link-extending rearwardly from the latter arm and connectedto said type-bar. f

6. A key lever action'fortypewriters comprising a pivoted type bar, a key lever hav mg an integrally connected arm lying above the body of the lever and fulcrumed to sup-,

port the lever, a bell-crank lever pivoted at'its angle beneath said key lever, said bell crank comprising a forwardly extending arm and an upwardly -extending arm, a link lying'at one side of the key lever and connected at its lower end to said forwardly extending arm,- and at its up er" end to the forward end of said key-lever-arm, the upwardly extending arm of the bell crank projecting past the key lever, and a link connecting the last mentioned arm to the type bar for swinging the latter.

7. In a typewriter, in combination, an

last mentioned series arcuate series of type bars, a, series-of key levers pivoted on a horizontal-axis hav ing a uniform swmgmgmovement, a series of bell-cranks pivoted on a liorizontal the vertical arms of said bell-cranks"i'nc1&ijS-

ing in length from the middle of theieriies to its outer ends to correspond to the ts se position ofsaid type'bars, links connecting the upper ends of said vertical armsfto'sz'n type bars, and links connectin "saidi jk y levers to the shorter arms of said ll-cra'nks, the length of said shorter bell-crank arms,

the angle between theshorter and longer I bell-crank arms, and the angle of sand key.

correspond to the varying length. of said levers being varied throughoutjthe seriesgto vertical bell-crank arms, whereby thesecond j mentioned links will extend at right, angles to said shorter bell-crank'arms and saidrkey levers, andthe uniform swinging'movement of said key levers wil1 impart difierentlangles of movement to said bell-cranks to equalize vthe rectilinear travel-ofthe upper ends of saidvertical arms. i

8. In a typewriter, in combination,'- a

framework,--an 'arcuate series of-upwardly and rearwardly striking type bars pivoted in said framework, a horizontal series of key. levers fulcrumed in the framework, a series of vertically disposed bell-crank levers mounted in the, framework on coaxial -horizontal pivots, each bell-crankcomprising-an approximately vertical arm and anapproximately horizontal arm, the vertical arms gradually increasing in length from themiddle of the series to the outer ends thereof to correspond to the arcuate position of-v the type bars, substantiallyhorizontal links connecting theupper ends of the vertical arms 3 0 said type bars,-the horizont 'il arms'of thebell-cranks being varied inilengtli -to eorre-- spend to the vertical arms, and-a; series of links, each of which-has its oppositeends pivotally connected in right-al gn a-r relation to one'of said horizontalarms. and one of said key levers, the angles'between' the arms of the difierent bell-cranks beingva'ried to maintain the right angularrelation of the I olinks.

I 9.'In a typewriter, in combinationf a framework, an arcuate seriesiof type bars pivotally mounted in said framework to strike-upwardly and rearwardlm'a horizontalseries of swingingvkey levers, a series'of and-between'the ends of saids'eries of key levers and forwardlyi of thepivots for the vertically disposed bell-crankfl'evers pivoted attheir angles in theframework beneath type-bar's, each bell-crank comprising a laterally extending arm connected to a 'kev-' lever and an arm extending upwardly past the key levers,'th'e latter arms gradually 'intoihe arcuge posi tioxg' af the type bars, the In testim'nny whereof I aifix my signature laterally exiendmg arms of said. bell-cranks m 'the presence of two wltnesses. A

being Warid inlen th to compensate for the H g R I yariazientzff said upwardly exqeqding arms, DE W B 5 and substantmliy honzentz ll 111155 copnect- "Witnesses: mg" 551,13 upwardly extending arms to the ARTHUR GRAF,

type bars. KATHRYN MACK. 

